Rocks

My favorite part about rocks is the amazing landscape composed of the different types in nature.

First up is the Igneous Rock. An example of Igneous is columnar basalt which composes Devil's Tower. Basalt is a common extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon. Basalt is an igneous rock with less than 20% quartz and less than 10% feldspar by volume.

Secondly is Sedimentary Rock. Sedimentary rocks make up about three-quarters of the rocks at the Earth's surface. They form at the surface in environments such as beaches, rivers, the ocean, and anywhere that sand, mud, and other types of sediment collect. Many sedimentary rocks are made from the broken bits of other rocks. An example of this in nature are the Chalk Cliffs of Dover. 

And lastly, there is Metamorphic Rock. Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form". The original rock protolith is subjected to heat (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressure (1500 bars), causing profound physical and/or chemical change. The protolith may be sedimentary, igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock. Here is an example of metamorphic rock in Capri Italy!

  

We also learned about the 12 soils of the world which are present in different regions of the world, which you can learn more about here.

http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/soilorders/orders.htm

Also, another important aspect of soils is how to classify them and differ between sands, silts, and clays, which can be determined from the chart here.